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The primary function of espresso shots in a cappuccino is to provide a rich flavor. Espresso is the foundation of the cappuccino, and it contributes depth and intensity to the drink. The robust flavors derived from the espresso contrast beautifully with the creaminess of the steamed milk and the airy texture of the milk foam, creating a balanced beverage that highlights the complexities of coffee.

While sweetening the drink, enhancing the froth, and adding color are aspects that might be related to a cappuccino, they are not the primary purpose of the espresso shots. Sweeteners can be added later according to personal preference, froth is enhanced by how the milk is steamed, and any color difference comes from milk contrasting with the espresso rather than being an essential function of the espresso itself. Overall, the espresso's rich flavor is what defines a cappuccino and distinguishes it from other coffee beverages.